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MEDIASTINUM

  DEFINE MEDIASTINUM. DESCRIBE THE SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS: (A) BOUNDARIES (B) CONTENTS (C) APPLIED ASPECT. (LE) DIVISION OF MEDIASTINUM AND NAME THE CONTENTS OF SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM? (SE) SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM- BOUNDARIES AND CONTENTS. (SA) Mediastinum is the space in the thoracic cavity in between the two pleural cavities Divisions of the mediastinum Mediastinum is divided into superior and inferior mediastinum by an imaginary plane passing through sternal angle ( anteriorly) and the lower border of 4 TH  thoracic vertebra ( posteriorly). The inferior mediastinum is further divided into anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum. It is divided by the pericardium which occupies the middle mediastinum. The part of mediastinum in front of the pericardium is anterior mediastinum, and that behind the pericardium is the posterior mediastinum. Superior mediastinum Boundaries: - Anteriorly- manubrium sterni Posteriorly- upper four thoracic vertebra Inferiorl...
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ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF ARM

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF ARM CORACOBRACHIALIS (SE) Origin- tip of the coracoid process of scapula Insertion- middle of medial border of humerus Nerve supply- musculocutaneous nerve Actions- flexion and adduction of arm Events occurring at the level of insertion- a. Ulnar nerve pierces medial intermuscular septum enters posterior compartment of arm b. Radial nerve pierces lateral intermuscular septum enters anterior compartment of arm c. Median nerve crosses in front of brachial artery from lateral to medial side d. Basilic vein pierces deep fascia and becomes deep   e. Shaft of humerus becomes triangular in shape f. Nutrient branch of brachial artery enters nutrient foramen of humerus BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE- ATTACHMENTS, NERVE SUPPLY AND ACTIONS Origin: Long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head- tip of coracoid process of scapula Insertion - posterior part of radial tuberosity  Nerve supply - musculocutaneous nerve Actions-  supination of forearm when elbow is ...
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SCAPULAR REGION

4.SCAPULAR REGION DELTOID MUSCLE (SE) Origin Anterior Fibers - Anterior border of lateral 1/3 rd  of clavicle Acromial Fibers/middle fibers - Lateral border of acromion ( multipennate) Posterior Fibers- Lower lip of crest of spine of scapula Insertion Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Nerve supply Axillary nerve ( C5, C6)   Actions Acromial fibres- powerful abductors of arm (15- 90 degree) Anterior fibres – flexor and medial rotators of arm Posterior fivers- extensor and lateral rotators of arm Applied anatomy Deltoid is the preferred place to give intramuscular injections in the arm. Injection should be given in the middle of the muscle to prevent injury to Axillary nerve DELTOID – NERVE SUPPLY AND ACTION (SA) Nerve supply of deltoid- axillary nerve (C5,C6) Action Anterior fibers - flexor and medial rotator of arm Middle fibers- strong abductor of shoulder (15- 90 degree) Posterior fibers – extensor and lateral rotator of arm. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF DELTOID MUSCLE (SA)  Delt...
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